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In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian) distribution is a very commonly occurring continuous probability distribution—a function that tells the ... more

A pendulum is a body suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back and forth under the influence of gravity. A so-called “simple ... more

In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, Little’s result, theorem, lemma, law, or formula is a theorem by John ... more

Many government agencies and industries (such as aerospace) require the use of a margin of safety (MoS or M.S.) to describe the ratio of the strength of ... more

Bulk density is a property of powders, granules, and other “divided” solids, especially used in reference to mineral components (soil, gravel), chemical ... more

In Valuation (finance), tax amortization benefit (or tax amortisation benefit) refers to the present value of income tax savings resulting from the tax ... more

In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the concept that the mass of an object or system is a measure of its energy content. A physical system has a ... more

In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh number (Ra) for a fluid is a dimensionless number associated with buoyancy-driven flow, also known as free convection or ... more

The Clausius–Clapeyron relation, named after Rudolf Clausius and Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron, is a way of characterizing a discontinuous phase transition ... more

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy between two circuits through electromagnetic induction. A transformer may be used as a safe and ... more