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The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel conditions) describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices. The reflection of ... more

The Rouse number (P or Z) is a non-dimensional number in fluid dynamics which is used to define a concentration profile of suspended sediment and which ... more

The Diesel cycle is a combustion process of a reciprocating internal combustion engine. In it, fuel is ignited by heat generated by compressing air in the ... more

Wind speed extrapolation

In wind energy studies, two mathematical models or 'laws’ have generally been used to model the vertical profile of ... more

A conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of electrical current in one or more directions. On a conductor, a surface charge will ... more

Admittance is a measure of how easily a circuit or device will allow a current to flow. It is defined as the inverse of impedance. Admittance, just like ... more

The formula provides a way to determine the volume-based concentration of any individual gaseous component.

Dalton’s law is not strictly ... more

Torque, moment or moment of force (see the terminology below) is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis. In addition to the tendency to ... more

The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. For a pure substance the density has the same numerical value as its mass concentration. ... more

Fermi–Dirac statistics describes a distribution of particles over energy states in systems consisting of many identical particles that obey the Pauli ... more