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Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. Kinetic friction is ... more

The beta angle is a measurement that is used most notably in spaceflight. The beta angle determines the percentage of time an object such as a spacecraft ... more

Particle size is a notion introduced for comparing dimensions of solid particles (flecks), liquid particles (droplets), or gaseous particles (bubbles).
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In mathematics, an annulus (the Latin word for “little ring”, with plural annuli) is a ring-shaped object, especially a region bounded by two ... more

In general, an exponential function is one of an exponential form , where the base is “b” and the exponent is “x”. In general, the ... more

Sphericity is a measure of how spherical (round) an object is. The formula of Maximum Projection Sphericity shows the behavior of a particle during ... more

In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem, also known as Pythagoras’ theorem, is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides of ... more

Wafer bonds are commonly characterized by three important encapsulation parameters: bond strength, hermeticity of encapsulation and bonding induced stress. ... more

Wafer bonds are commonly characterized by three important encapsulation parameters: bond strength, hermeticity of encapsulation and bonding induced ... more

Number density is an intensive quantity used to describe the degree of concentration of countable objects. For any substance, the number density n can be ... more