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Pell’s equation is a Diophantine equation (a polynomial equation in two or more unknowns ).
In Cartesian coordinates, the equation has the form ... more

Many government agencies and industries (such as aerospace) require the use of a margin of safety (MoS or M.S.) to describe the ratio of the strength of ... more

Often during their use, heat exchangers collect a layer of fouling on the surface which, in addition to potentially contaminating a stream, reduces the ... more

The stiffness of a body is a measure of the resistance offered by an elastic body to deformation. A body have a rotational stiffness when it is in a ... more

Optical magnification is the ratio between the apparent size of an object (or its size in an image) and its true size, and thus it is a dimensionless ... more

In physics, a force is said to do work when acting on a body there is a displacement of the point of application in the direction of the force. Work is the ... more

A perimeter is a path that surrounds a two-dimensional shape.The perimeter of a circle or ellipse is called its circumference. A circle can be defined as ... more

For homogeneous isotropic materials simple relations exist between elastic constants (Young’s modulus E, bulk modulus K, and Poisson’s ratio ν) ... more

Optical magnification is the ratio between the apparent size of an object (or its size in an image) and its true size, and thus it is a dimensionless ... more

The Brinell scale characterizes the indentation hardness of materials through the scale of penetration of an indenter, loaded on a material test-piece. It ... more