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Borda–Carnot equation is an empirical description of the mechanical energy losses of the fluid due to a (sudden) flow expansion. It describes how the total ... more

In telecommunication, free-space path loss (FSPL) is the loss in signal strength of an electromagnetic wave that would result ... more

Water hammer (or, more generally, fluid hammer) is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid (usually a liquid but sometimes also a gas) in motion is ... more

Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are measures of degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), caused by components in a ... more

Potential energy is the energy of a body or a system with respect to the position of the body or the arrangement of the particles of the system. The amount ... more

The Penman equation describes evaporation (E) from an open water surface, and was developed by Howard Penman in 1948. Penman’s equation requires ... more

The electrons can only orbit stably, without radiating, in certain orbits at a certain discrete set of distances from the nucleus. These orbits are ... more

In the design of fluid bearings, the Sommerfeld number (S), or bearing characteristic number, is a dimensionless quantity used extensively in hydrodynamic ... more

Is a predefined diametral position on the gear, where the circular tooth thickness, pressure angle and helix angles are defined. The standard pitch ... more

Characteristic velocity or c*, or C-star is a measure of the combustion performance of a rocket engine independent of nozzle performance, and is used to ... more