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A lens is a transmissive optical device which affects the focusing of a light beam through refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of ... more

Abbe number , is a measure of the material’s dispersion in relation to the refractive index, with high values of V indicating low dispersion (low ... more

Young’s modulus, also known as the Tensile modulus or elastic modulus, is a measure of the stiffness of an elastic isotropic material and is a ... more

A supersonic expansion fan, technically known as Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan, is a centred expansion process that occurs when a supersonic flow turns ... more

A supersonic expansion fan, technically known as Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan, is a centred expansion process that occurs when a supersonic flow turns ... more

For homogeneous isotropic materials simple relations exist between elastic constants (Young’s modulus E, bulk modulus K, and Poisson’s ratio ν) ... more

The stretch ratio or extension ratio is a measure of the extensional or normal strain of a differential line element, which can be defined at either the ... more

An elastic modulus, or modulus of elasticity, is the mathematical description of an object or substance’s tendency to be deformed elastically (i.e., ... more

Soil is the mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and the myriad of organisms that together support plant life. The ratio of the volume of ... more

An achromatic lens or achromat is a lens that is designed to limit the effects of chromatic and spherical aberration. Achromatic lenses are corrected to ... more