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Future value is the value of an asset at a specific date. It measures the nominal future sum of money that a given sum of money is “worth” at a ... more

The Rydberg formula is used in atomic physics to describe the wavelengths of spectral lines of many chemical elements.Rydberg worked on a formula ... more

The pressure of a gas of fixed mass and fixed volume is directly proportional to the gas’ absolute temperature. If a gas’s temperature ... more

The Kardashev’s civilization rating is sugested by Carl Sagan from Kardashev scale.

The Kardashev scale is a method of measuring a ... more

In statistical mechanics and mathematics, a Boltzmann distribution (also called Gibbs distribution) is a probability distribution, probability measure, or ... more

Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are measures of degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), caused by components in a ... more

In statistical mechanics and mathematics, a Boltzmann distribution (also called Gibbs distribution) is a probability distribution, probability measure, or ... more

Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend upon the ratio of the number of solute particles to the number of solvent molecules in a ... more

Auger electron spectroscopy is a common analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces and, more generally, in the area of materials ... more

Machining is any of various processes in which a piece of raw material is cut into a desired final shape and size by a controlled material-removal process. ... more