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The Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the “usefulness” or process-initiating work obtainable from a thermodynamic system, at a ... more

Torque, moment or moment of force (see the terminology below) is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis. In addition to the tendency to ... more

The constant volume adiabatic flame temperature is the temperature that results from a complete combustion process that occurs without any work, heat ... more

The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The density of a material varies with temperature ... more

In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian) distribution is a very commonly occurring continuous probability distribution—a function that tells the ... more

Calculates the arithmetic mean size (arithmetic method of moments) of the particles’ size distribution of a soil, in metric scale. In statistics, the ... more

Freezing-point depression describes the process in which adding a solute to a solvent decreases the freezing point of the solvent. freezing-point ... more

Diffusion is the net movement of a substance (e.g., an atom, ion or molecule) from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. This is ... more

Gyration is a rotation in a discrete subgroup of symmetries of the Euclidean plane such that the subgroup does not also contain a reflection symmetry whose ... more

Shows how much variation or dispersion from the average exists. Logarithmic mean size (1st moment) needs to be precalculated.