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The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel conditions) describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices. The reflection of ... more

Electromotive force, abbreviated emf (denoted ℰ and measured in volts) is the electrical intensity or “pressure” developed by a source of ... more

Calculates the volume of a sphere. A sphere is a perfectly round geometrical and circular object in three-dimensional space that resembles the shape of a ... more

As used in mechanical engineering, the term tractive force can either refer to the total traction a vehicle exerts on a surface, or the amount of the total ... more

Components of an electrical circuit or electronic circuit can be connected in many different ways. The two simplest of these are called series and parallel ... more

In geometry, the major axis of an ellipse is the longest diameter: a line (line segment) that runs through the center and both foci, with ends at the ... more

Calculates the volume of a hollow sphere. A sphere is a perfectly round geometrical and circular object in three-dimensional space that resembles the shape ... more

A cycloid is the curve traced by a point on the rim of a circular wheel as the wheel rolls along a straight line without slippage. It is an example of a ... more

In physics, Gauss’s law, also known as Gauss’s flux theorem, is a law relating the distribution of electric charge to the resulting electric ... more

Effusion is the process in which a gas escapes through a small hole. This occurs if the diameter of the hole is considerably smaller than the mean free ... more