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Speed of sound in sea water (UNESCO equation)

The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time by a sound wave propagating through an elastic medium. The speed of sound in seawater depends ... more

Rule of Mixtures

In materials science, a general rule of mixtures is a weighted mean used to predict various properties of a composite material made up of continuous and ... more

Inverse Rule of Mixtures

In materials science, a general rule of mixtures is a weighted mean used to predict various properties of a composite material made up of continuous and ... more

Fresnel reflection (Reflectivity Rs)

The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel conditions) describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices. The reflection of ... more

Fresnel reflection (Reflectivity Rp)

The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel conditions) describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices. The reflection of ... more

Shock Diamond - distance from the nozzle

Shock diamonds (also known as Mach diamonds, Mach disks, Mach rings, doughnut tails or thrust diamonds) are a formation of standing wave patterns that ... more

Critical buckling stress of a column

Column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above ... more

Critical Buckling Stress of a Column with Buckling Coefficient

Column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above ... more

Loss due to Antenna Misalignment

Antenna measurement techniques refers to the testing of antennas to ensure that the antenna meets specifications or simply to characterize it. Typical ... more

Elastic modulus

An elastic modulus, or modulus of elasticity, is the mathematical description of an object or substance’s tendency to be deformed elastically (i.e., ... more

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