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Soil is the mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and the myriad of organisms that together support plant life. The ratio of the volume of ... more
In optics, the f-number (sometimes called focal ratio, f-ratio, f-stop, or relative aperture) of an optical system is the ratio of the lens’s focal ... more
The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel conditions) describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices. The reflection of ... more
The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel conditions) describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices. The reflection of ... more
An achromatic lens or achromat is a lens that is designed to limit the effects of chromatic and spherical aberration. Achromatic lenses are corrected to ... more
A supersonic expansion fan, technically known as Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan, is a centred expansion process that occurs when a supersonic flow turns ... more
In geometry and complex analysis, a Möbius transformation of the plane is a rational function of one complex variable. A Möbius transformation can be ... more
In optics and especially laser science, the Rayleigh length or Rayleigh range is the distance along the propagation direction of a beam from the waist to ... more
Circular segment is a region of a circle which is “cut off” from the rest of the circle by a secant or a chord. More formally, a Circular ... more
A sphere is a perfectly round geometrical and circular object in three-dimensional space that resembles the shape of a completely round ball. A sphere is ... more
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