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The Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the “usefulness” or process-initiating work obtainable from a thermodynamic system, at a ... more

The Sagnac effect, also called Sagnac interference, named after French physicist Georges Sagnac, is a phenomenon encountered in interferometry that is ... more

Components of an electrical circuit or electronic circuit can be connected in many different ways. The two simplest of these are called series and parallel ... more

In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a ... more

If two or more components are connected in parallel they have the same potential difference (voltage) across their ends. The potential differences across ... more

For the root mean square value of the ripple voltage, the calculation is more involved as the shape of the ripple waveform has a bearing on the result. ... more

where R is the electrical resistance of that material. Hopkinson’s law is a counterpart to Ohm’s law used in magnetic circuits. In electronic ... more

Components of an electrical circuit or electronic circuit can be connected in many different ways. The two simplest of these are called series and parallel ... more

The cross-section of a welded butt joint, with the darkest gray representing the weld or fusion zone, the medium gray the heat affected zone, and the ... more

In magnetostatics, the force of attraction or repulsion between two current-carrying wires is often called Ampère’s force law. The ... more