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A spherical polygon on the surface of the sphere is defined by a number of great circle arcs which are the intersection of the surface with planes through ... more

Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are measures of degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), caused by components in a ... more

The coefficient B(T,P) used in the UNESCO equation, speed of sound in sea water), depends on the temperature and the pressure

For many applications involving terrestrial albedo, the albedo at a particular solar zenith angle θi can reasonably be approximated by the formula ... more

Convection-cooling is sometimes called “Newton’s law of cooling” in cases where the heat transfer coefficient is independent or ... more

The coefficient A(T,P) used in the UNESCO equation, speed of sound in sea water), depends on the temperature and the pressure

The Manning formula is also known as the Gauckler–Manning formula, or Gauckler–Manning–Strickler formula in Europe. In the United States, in practice, it ... more

In fluid dynamics, the Darcy friction factor ormulae are equations that allow the calculation of the Darcy friction factor, a dimensionless quantity used ... more

The coefficient Cw (used in the UNESCO equation, speed of sound in sea water), depends on the temperature and the pressure

For flow in a pipe or tube, the Reynolds number is generally defined as presented here.

For shapes such as squares, rectangular or annular ducts ... more