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Components of an electrical circuit or electronic circuit can be connected in many different ways. The two simplest of these are called series and parallel ... more

Calculates the standard deviation (SD) of a series of numbers (x).
In statistics, the standard deviation (SD) is a measure that is used to quantify ... more

The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel conditions) describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices. The reflection of ... more

The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel conditions) describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices. The reflection of ... more

Components of an electrical circuit or electronic circuit can be connected in many different ways. The two simplest of these are called series and parallel ... more

In estimation theory and decision theory, a Bayes estimator or a Bayes action is an estimator or decision rule that minimizes the posterior expected value ... more

A hydraulic pump is a mechanical sourse of power that converts mechanical power into hydraulic energy (hydrostatic energy i.e. flow, pressure). It ... more

In electronics, a vacuum tube, an electron tube, or colloquially a tube (North America) or valve (British usage), is a device that controls electric ... more

Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines to produce electrical power, windmills for mechanical ... more

In electrical and electronic systems, reactance is the opposition of a circuit element to a change of electric current or voltage, due to that ... more