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Fracture of ductile materials (Dissipated energy)

In ductile materials, a plastic zone develops at the tip of the crack. The plastic loading and unloading cycle near the crack tip leads to the dissipation ... more

Rayleigh range ( confocal parameter)

In optics and especially laser science, the Rayleigh length or Rayleigh range is the distance along the propagation direction of a beam from the waist to ... more

Magnetic field of the straight wire

The magnetic field generated by the electric current, around a straight wire, is related to the electric current and the distance “r” from the ... more

Stokes-Einstein equation

According to Stokes’ law, a perfect sphere traveling through a viscous liquid feels a drag force proportional to the frictional coefficient. The diffusion ... more

Hooke's law for continuous media

Hooke’s law states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance.The stresses and strains ... more

Midsegment of a trapezoid

Trapezoid is a convex quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides. The parallel sides are called the bases of the trapezoid and the other two sides ... more

Hyperbolic triangle ( length of the altitude)

A hyperbolic sector is a region of the Cartesian plane {(x,y)} bounded by rays from the origin to two points (a, 1/a) and (b, 1/b) and by the hyperbola xy ... more

Semi-Minor Axis - Hyperbola

n a hyperbola, a conjugate axis or minor axis of length 2b, corresponding to the minor axis of an ellipse, can be drawn perpendicular to the transverse ... more

Angular resolution (by a telescope array)

The highest angular resolutions can be achieved by arrays of telescopes called astronomical interferometers: These instruments can achieve angular ... more

Gravitational Potential

In classical mechanics, the gravitational potential at a location is equal to the work (energy transferred) per unit mass that is done by the force of ... more

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