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When a force is applied on a spring, and the length of the spring changes by a differential amount dx, the work done is Fdx. For linear elastic springs, ... more

Concentric Tube (or Pipe) Heat Exchangers are used in a variety of industries for purposes such as material processing, food preparation, and ... more

Ellipse is a curve on a plane surrounding two focal points such that a straight line drawn from one of the focal points to any point on the curve and then ... more

A pendulum is a mass that is attached to a pivot, from which it can swing freely. Pendulum consisting of an actual object allowed to rotate freely around a ... more

In optics, the f-number (sometimes called focal ratio, f-ratio, f-stop, or relative aperture) of an optical system is the ratio of the lens’s focal ... more

Ellipse is a curve on a plane surrounding two focal points such that a straight line drawn from one of the focal points to any point on the curve and then ... more

In classical geometry, a radius of a circle or sphere is any of the line segments from its center to its perimeter, and in more modern usage, it is also ... more

Hooke’s law is a principle of physics that states that the force F needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance X is proportional to that ... more

In orbital mechanics, Kepler’s equation relates various geometric properties of the orbit of a body subject to a central force.

It was first ... more

A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides (or edges) and four vertices or corner. An equidiagonal quadrilateral is a convex quadrilateral whose two ... more