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Absolute magnitude is the measure of a celestial object’s intrinsic brightness. It is the hypothetical apparent magnitude of an object at a standard ... more

Karl von Terzaghi was the first to present a comprehensive theory for the evaluation of the ultimate bearing capacity of rough shallow foundations. This ... more

In celestial mechanics, the specific relative angular momentum (h) of two orbiting bodies is the vector product of the relative position and the relative ... more

Strain gauge is a device used to measure strain on an object. A strain is a normalized measure of deformation representing the displacement between ... more

Potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. The potentiometer can be used as a voltage ... more

The volume of the voids of a soil over the total volume of the sample defines the porosity of a soil. Used in geology, hydrogeology, soil science, and ... more

For a particle size distribution, the graphic mean size can be estimated from the percentages of the particles corresponding to the 16%, 50% and 84%

The gear ratio of a gear train, also known as its speed ratio, is the ratio of the angular velocity of the input gear to the angular velocity of the output ... more

The Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the “usefulness” or process-initiating work obtainable from a thermodynamic system, at a ... more

The Magnus effect is the commonly observed effect in which a spinning ball (or cylinder) curves away from its principal flight path.The overall behaviour ... more