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n fluid dynamics the Borda–Carnot equation is an empirical description of the mechanical energy losses of the fluid due to a (sudden) flow expansion. The ... more

The bulk modulus ( or ) of a substance measures the substance’s resistance to uniform compression. It is defined as the ratio of the infinitesimal ... more

The surface area relative to the mass of a sphere is called the specific surface area and can be calculated by the area, the volume and the ratio of mass ... more

Ejection fraction (EF) is the fraction of blood in the left and right ventricles pumped out with each heartbeat. EF is applied to both the right ... more

Operation of a solar cell can be understood from the equivalent circuit at right. Light, of sufficient energy (greater than the bandgap of the material), ... more

In science, buckling is a mathematical instability that leads to a failure mode.

When a structure is subjected to compressive stress, buckling may ... more

FEV1/FVC (FEV1%) is the ratio of Forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( the volume of air that can forcibly be blown out in one ... more

The compression ratio of an internal-combustion engine or external combustion engine is a value that represents the ratio of the volume of its combustion ... more

In a paramagnetic material the magnetization of the material is (approximately) directly proportional to an applied magnetic field. However, if the ... more

The theoretical maximum efficiency of any heat engine depends only on the temperatures it operates between. This efficiency is usually derived using an ... more