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In planetary sciences, the moment of inertia factor or normalized polar moment of inertia is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the radial ... more

In optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can ... more

In celestial mechanics, true anomaly is an angular parameter that defines the position of a body moving along a Keplerian orbit. It is the angle between ... more

In physics, jounce or snap is the fourth derivative of the position vector with respect to time, with the first, second, and third derivatives being ... more

Horizontal curve – Sight Distance Properties (S<L)

Horizontal Curves are one of the two important transition elements in geometric ... more

The Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism is an astronomical process that occurs when the surface of a star or a planet cools. The cooling causes the pressure to ... more

Horizontal Curves are one of the two important transition elements in geometric design for highways (along with Vertical Curves). A horizontal curve ... more

The body mass index (BMI), or Quetelet index, is a heuristic proxy for human body fat based on an individual’s weight and ... more

In mathematics, the harmonic mean (sometimes called the subcontrary mean) is one of several kinds of average. The harmonic mean is the reciprocal of the ... more

The variance measures how far a set of numbers of n equally likely values is spread out. A small variance indicates that the data tend to be very close to ... more