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The Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the “useful” work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant ... more

The stiffness of a body is a measure of the resistance offered by an elastic body to deformation.
Tension describes the pulling force exerted by each ... more

In chemistry, the mass concentration is defined as the mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. The mass concentration of a component ... more

A cantilever is a beam anchored at only one end. The beam carries the load to the support where it is forced against by a moment and shear stress. A ... more

The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The density of a material varies with temperature ... more

In physics, Gauss’s law, also known as Gauss’s flux theorem, is a law relating the distribution of electric charge to the resulting electric ... more

Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical quantity equal to the ratio of the heat that is added to (or removed from) an object to the resulting ... more

In engineering, deflection is the degree to which a structural element is displaced under a load.
The elastic deflection of a weightless cantilever ... more

A cantilever is a beam anchored at only one end. The beam carries the load to the support where it is forced against by a moment and shear stress. A ... more

Attenuation coefficient or narrow beam attenuation coefficient of the volume of a material characterizes how easily it can be penetrated by a beam of ... more