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n atomic physics, the Rutherford–Bohr model or Bohr model, depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in ... more
The Hall effect is the production of a voltage difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor, transverse to an electric current in the ... more
The cross-section of a welded butt joint, with the darkest gray representing the weld or fusion zone, the medium gray the heat affected zone, and the ... more
Time-domain reflectometry or TDR is a measurement technique used to determine the characteristics of electrical lines by ... more
Planck temperature, denoted by TP, is the unit of temperature in the system of natural units known as Planck units.
It serves as the ... more
Several laws describe a human’s ability to visually detect targets on a uniform background. One such law is Riccò's law, discovered by astronomer ... more
Auger electron spectroscopy is a common analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces and, more generally, in the area of materials ... more
In optics, Miller’s rule is an empirical rule which gives an estimate of the order of magnitude of the nonlinear coefficient.
More formally, ... more
The electrothermal instability (also known as the ionization instability) is a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability appearing in ... more
The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel conditions) describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices. The reflection of ... more
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