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The Doppler effect is the change in frequency of a wave (or other periodic event) for an observer moving relative to its source. When the speeds of source ... more

The Manning formula is also known as the Gauckler–Manning formula, or Gauckler–Manning–Strickler formula in Europe. In the United States, in practice, it ... more

The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel conditions) describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices. The reflection of ... more

The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel conditions) describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices. The reflection of ... more

Surface runoff is the water flow that occurs when the soil is infiltrated to full capacity and excess water from rain. The runoff curve number (also called ... more

The Doppler effect is the change in frequency of a wave (or other periodic event) for an observer moving relative to its source. When the speeds of source ... more

As fluid flows through tubes there is resistance, between the fluid and the wall that opposes the flow. The resistance to laminar flow of an incompressible ... more

Cherenkov radiation, also known as Vavilov–Cherenkov radiation,[a] is electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle (such as an electron) ... more

In fluid mechanics, the Reynolds number is used to help predict if flow will be laminar or turbulent. We know that the flow around a smooth, streamlined ... more

Snell’s law (also known as the Snell–Descartes law and the law of refraction) is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of ... more