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Sag curve length when S<L (Vertical curves for highway design)

When a driver is driving on a sag curve at night, the sight distance is limited by the higher grade in front of the vehicle. This distance must be long ... more

Sag curve length when S>L (Vertical curves for highway design)

When a driver is driving on a sag curve at night, the sight distance is limited by the higher grade in front of the vehicle. This distance must be long ... more

Crest curve length when S>L (Vertical curves for highway design)

Crest vertical curves are curves which, when viewed from the side, are convex upwards. This includes vertical curves at hill crests, but it also includes ... more

Crest curve length when S<L (Vertical curves for highway design)

Crest vertical curves are curves which, when viewed from the side, are convex upwards. This includes vertical curves at hill crests, but it also includes ... more

Middle Ordinate (Horizontal curves for highway design)

Horizontal alignment in road design consists of straight sections of road, known as tangents, connected by circular horizontal curves. Circular curves are ... more

Horizontal curve - Sight obstraction distance (S<L)

Horizontal curve – Sight Distance Properties (S<L)

Horizontal Curves are one of the two important transition elements in geometric ... more

Horizontal curve - Sight obstraction distance (S>L)

Horizontal Curves are one of the two important transition elements in geometric design for highways (along with Vertical Curves). A horizontal curve ... more

Vertical Curve - Stopping Sight Distance

Sight distance is dependent on the type of curve used and the design speed. For crest curves, sight distance is limited by the curve itself, as the curve ... more

External Distance (Horizontal curves for highway design)

Horizontal alignment in road design consists of straight sections of road, known as tangents, connected by circular horizontal curves. Circular curves are ... more

Curve Length (Horizontal curves for highway design)

Horizontal alignment in road design consists of straight sections of road, known as tangents, connected by circular horizontal curves. Circular curves are ... more

Long Chord Length (Horizontal curves for highway design)

Horizontal alignment in road design consists of straight sections of road, known as tangents, connected by circular horizontal curves. Circular curves are ... more

Tangent Length (Horizontal curves for highway design)

Horizontal alignment in road design consists of straight sections of road, known as tangents, connected by circular horizontal curves. Circular curves are ... more

Horizontal Curve - Allowable radius

The allowable radius for a horizontal curve can then be determined by knowing the intended design velocity, the coefficient of friction, and the allowed ... more

Horizontal Curve - Degree of curve

Aside from momentum, when a vehicle makes a turn, two forces are acting upon it. The first is gravity, which pulls the vehicle toward the ground. The ... more

Corner sight distance

Corner sight distance (CSD) is the road alignment specification which provides a substantially clear line of sight so that the ... more

Velocity in Frictionless Banked Turn

A banked turn (aka. banking turn) is a turn or change of direction in which the vehicle banks or inclines, usually towards the inside of the turn. For a ... more

Desired radius of a curve

The equation for the desired radius of a curve, takes into account the factors of speed and superelevation (e). This equation can be algebraically ... more

Y-Coordinate of the involute of a circle

An involute (also known as evolvent) is a curve obtained from another given curve by attaching an imaginary taut string to the given curve and tracing its ... more

Equation of the Circle

A circle can be defined as the curve traced out by a point that moves so that its distance from a given point is constant. In an x–y Cartesian coordinate ... more

Minimum railway curve radius (by the track gauge and the cant)

The minimum railway curve radius, the shortest allowable design radius for railway tracks under a particular set of conditions.
Track gauge is a ... more

Maximum Velocity in Friction Banked Turn

A banked turn (aka. banking turn) is a turn or change of direction in which the vehicle banks or inclines, usually towards the inside of the turn. For a ... more

Minimum Velocity in Friction Banked Turn

A banked turn (aka. banking turn) is a turn or change of direction in which the vehicle banks or inclines, usually towards the inside of the turn. For a ... more

Horizontal Parabola (Standard Equation)

Parabola is a two-dimensional, mirror-symmetrical curve, which is approximately U-shaped but which can be in any orientation in its plane. A parabola is ... more

Vertical Curve - Offset

Offsets are vertical distances from the initial tangent to the curve, play a significant role in vertical curve design.

Vertical Curves are the ... more

Epicycloid (The ordinate of a point)

In geometry, an epicycloid is a plane curve produced by tracing the path of a chosen point of a circle — called an epicycle — which rolls without slipping ... more

Accident modification factor

The safety of a horizontal curve is affected by the length of the curve, the curve radius, whether spiral transition curves are used, and the ... more

Weibull Distribution

In probability theory and statistics, the Weibull distribution is a continuous probability distribution. By the probability density function of a Weibull ... more

Horizontal Hyperbola (Standard Equation)

Hyperbola is the set of all points in the plane, such that the absolute value of the difference of each of the distances from two fixed points is constant. ... more

Hypotrochoid (parametric equation Y- coordinate)

A hypotrochoid is a roulette traced by a point attached to a circle of radius r rolling around the inside of a fixed circle of radius R, where the point is ... more

Epitrochoid (Y-coordinate of a point)

An epitrochoid is a roulette traced by a point attached to an external circle rolling around the outside of a fixed l circle , where the point is at a ... more

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