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Shockley diode equation (in real transistors)

In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component with asymmetric conductance; it has low (ideally zero) resistance to current in one ... more

Shockley ideal diode equation

In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component with asymmetric conductance; it has low (ideally zero) resistance to current in one ... more

Characteristic equation of a solar cell - function of output current and voltage

The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable ... more

Solar cell - current delivered by the illuminated diode

Operation of a solar cell can be understood from the equivalent circuit at right. Light, of sufficient energy (greater than the bandgap of the material), ... more

NPN bipolar transistor (Ebers–Moll model)

A bipolar junction transistor (BJT or bipolar transistor) is a type of transistor that relies on the contact of two types of ... more

Transistor regulator ( Rv providing a bias current)

In the simplest case a common collector transistor (emitter follower) is used with the base of the regulating transistor connected directly to the voltage ... more

Current diverted through the shunt resistor

The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable ... more

Current equation of solar cell

The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable ... more

NPN bipolar transistor ( Early Effect)

A bipolar junction transistor (BJT or bipolar transistor) is a type of transistor that relies on the contact of two types of ... more

Child's Law - related to anode current

First proposed by Clement D. Child in 1911, Child’s law states that the space-charge limited current (SCLC) in a ... more

Child's Law - related to anode voltage

First proposed by Clement D. Child in 1911, Child’s law states that the space-charge limited current (SCLC) in a ... more

Hall coefficient in semiconductors (for moderate magnetic fields)

The Hall effect is the production of a voltage difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor, transverse to an electric current in the ... more

Paschen's Law

In standard conditions at atmospheric pressure, gas serves as an excellent insulator, requiring the application of a significant voltage before breaking ... more

Heat-affected zone - heat input for arc welding

The cross-section of a welded butt joint, with the darkest gray representing the weld or fusion zone, the medium gray the heat affected zone, and the ... more

Richardson's law

Thermionic emission is the thermally induced flow of charge carriers from a surface or over a potential-energy barrier. This occurs because the thermal ... more

AC Power

In alternating current circuits, energy storage elements such as inductance and capacitance may result in periodic reversals of the direction of energy ... more

Hall coefficient

The Hall effect is the production of a voltage difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor, transverse to an electric current in the ... more

Apparent power

The power factor of an AC electrical power system is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing to the load, to the apparent power in the circuit. In a ... more

Doping (semiconductor)

In semiconductor production, doping intentionally introduces impurities into an extremely pure (also referred to as intrinsic) semiconductor for the ... more

Bipolar junction transistor (Common-emmiter current gain )

A bipolar junction transistor (or bipolar transistor) is a type of transistor that relies on the contact of two types of semiconductor for its operation. ... more

Heat flow in electronics - maximum power dissipate

The heat flow can be modelled by analogy to an electrical circuit where heat flow is represented by current, temperatures are represented by voltages, heat ... more

Hall voltage (Hall effect)

The Hall effect is the production of a voltage difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor, transverse to an electric current in the ... more

Solute flux (Forward osmosis)

Forward osmosis (FO) is an osmotic process that, like reverse osmosis (RO), uses a semi-permeable membrane to effect separation of water from dissolved ... more

Coupled inductors

The voltage of one of the two nearby coupled inductors

... more

Brushed DC electric motor - Voltage balance

A brushed DC motor is an internally commutated electric motor designed to be run from a direct current power source. Brushed motors were the first ... more

Ohm's Law

Ohm’s law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points, ... more

Vacuum tube - transconductance

In electronics, a vacuum tube, an electron tube, or colloquially a tube (North America) or valve (British usage), is a device that controls electric ... more

Townsend avalanche (Townsend discharge)

The Townsend discharge is a gas ionization process where free electrons, accelerated by a sufficiently strong electric field, give rise to electrical ... more

Instantaneous power for L1 (Three-phase electric application)

In electrical engineering, three-phase electric power systems have at least three conductors carrying alternating current voltages that are offset in time ... more

Voltage gain

In electronics, gain is a measure of the ability of a two-port circuit (often an amplifier) to increase the power or amplitude of a signal from the input ... more

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