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Electrical resistivity (also known as resistivity, specific electrical resistance, or volume resistivity) is an intrinsic property that quantifies how ... more

Specific absorption rate calculates the rate at which energy is absorbed by the body when exposed to a radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field. Specific ... more

The Gilbert model assumes that the magnetic forces between magnets are due to magnetic charges near the poles. This model produces good approximations that ... more

Energy density is the amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume or mass, though the latter is more accurately termed ... more

In superconductors, the London penetration depth (usually denoted as λ or λ_L) characterizes the distance to which a magnetic field penetrates into a ... more

In optics, a Gaussian beam is a beam of electromagnetic radiation whose transverse electric field and intensity (irradiance) distributions are well ... more

A physical dipole consists of two equal and opposite point charges. When placed in an magnetic field, equal but opposite forces arise on each side of the ... more

The Gilbert model assumes that the magnetic forces between magnets are due to magnetic charges near the poles. This model produces good approximations that ... more

Hartmann number (Ha) is the ratio of electromagnetic force to the viscous force first introduced by Hartmann.

Electric generators induce an emf by rotating a coil in a magnetic field. Electromotive force, also called Emf, is the voltage developed by any source of ... more