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Forward osmosis (FO) is an osmotic process that, like reverse osmosis (RO), uses a semi-permeable membrane to effect separation of water from dissolved ... more

Counter-electromotive force (abbreviated counter EMF or simply CEMF), also known as back electromotive ... more

A brushed DC motor is an internally commutated electric motor designed to be run from a direct current power source. Brushed motors were the first ... more

The magnetic field in the volume of a long, thin loop of wire, wrapped around a metallic core (solenoid) when an electric current is passed through it, ... more

The magnetic field generated by the electric current, around a straight wire, is related to the electric current and the distance “r” from the ... more

Thermionic emission is the thermally induced flow of charge carriers from a surface or over a potential-energy barrier. This occurs because the thermal ... more

The force created on a straight stationary wire, carrying elecric current, placed in a magnetic field

Generated at the center of a circular wire by the electric current, related to the electric current and the distance from the wire to center of the circle.

is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane. It is also defined as ... more

The energy of a magnetic moment “m” in an externally produced magnetic field “B”. Is related to the distance between magnetic ... more