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In optics, the Fraunhofer diffraction equation is used to model the diffraction of waves when the diffraction pattern is viewed at a long distance from the ... more

In physics, optical depth or optical thickness, is the natural logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted radiant power through a material, and ... more

The Rydberg formula is used in atomic physics to describe the wavelengths of spectral lines of many chemical elements.Rydberg worked on a formula ... more

At the boundary between media of different acoustic impedances, some of the wave energy is reflected and some is transmitted. The greater the difference in ... more

Contact mechanics is the study of the deformation of solids that touch each other at one or more points. Hertzian contact stress refers to the localized ... more

Time-domain reflectometry or TDR is a measurement technique used to determine the characteristics of electrical lines by ... more

“Clearing the neighbourhood around its orbit” is a criterion for a celestial body to be considered a planet in the Solar System. This was one ... more

A seiche (/ˈseɪʃ/ SAYSH) is a standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water. Seiches and seiche-related ... more

Luminous intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle, based on the ... more

A bipolar junction transistor (or bipolar transistor) is a type of transistor that relies on the contact of two types of semiconductor for its operation. ... more