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Simplified von Mises equation - Principal stresses

RESTRICTIONS : σ₁₂ = σ₁₃ = σ₂₃ = 0

The von Mises yield criterion suggests that the yielding of materials begins when the ... more

Simplified von Mises equation - General plane stress

RESTRICTIONS : σ₃ = 0, σ₃₁ = σ₂₃ = 0

The von Mises yield criterion suggests that the yielding of materials begins when ... more

Properties of concrete - modulus of elasticity

Concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but significantly lower tensile strength. As a result, without compensating, concrete would almost ... more

Elastic potential energy( with respect to Length)

Elastic energy is the potential mechanical energy stored in the configuration of a material or physical system as work is performed to distort its volume ... more

Worksheet 316

Calculate the change in length of the upper leg bone (the femur) when a 70.0 kg man supports 62.0 kg of his mass on it, assuming the bone to be equivalent to a uniform rod that is 45.0 cm long and 2.00 cm in radius.

Strategy

The force is equal to the weight supported:

Force (Newton's second law)

and the cross-sectional area of the upper leg bone(femur) is:

Disk area

To find the change in length we use the Young’s modulus formula. The Young’s modulus reference value for a bone under compression is known to be 9×109 N/m2. Now,all quantities except ΔL are known. Thus:

Young's Modulus

Discussion

This small change in length seems reasonable, consistent with our experience that bones are rigid. In fact, even the rather large forces encountered during strenuous physical activity do not compress or bend bones by large amounts. Although bone is rigid compared with fat or muscle, several of the substances listed in Table 5.3(see reference below) have larger values of Young’s modulus Y . In other words, they are more rigid.

Reference:
This worksheet is a modified version of Example 5.4 page 188 found in :
OpenStax College,College Physics. OpenStax College. 21 June 2012.
http://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics
Creative Commons License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Elastic modulus of a contact area between a sphere and an elastic half-space

Contact mechanics is the study of the deformation of solids that touch each other at one or more points. Hertzian contact stress refers to the localized ... more

Simplified von Mises equation - General - No restrictions

The von Mises yield criterion suggests that the yielding of materials begins when the second deviatoric stress invariant reaches a critical value. For ... more

Relation among Young's modulus, Bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio

For homogeneous isotropic materials simple relations exist between elastic constants (Young’s modulus E, bulk modulus K, and Poisson’s ratio ν) ... more

Angle of deflection of an end loaded cantilever beam

In engineering, deflection is the degree to which a structural element is displaced under a load. It may refer to an angle or a distance.
The angle of ... more

Maximum Spring Force (Fully Compressed)

A spring is an elastic object used to store mechanical energy. Springs are usually made out of spring steel. Small springs can be wound from pre-hardened ... more

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