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Miles Equation

In 1954, Miles developed his version of this equation for GRMS as he was researching fatigue failure of aircraft structural ... more

Doppler Effect - for stationary observer

The Doppler effect is the change in frequency of a wave (or other periodic event) for an observer moving relative to its source. When the speeds of source ... more

Acoustic Impedance

Acoustic impedance is the measure of the opposition that a system presents to an acoustic flow when an acoustic pressure is applied to it. Acoustic ... more

Biot number (mass transfer)

The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless quantity used in heat transfer calculations. Gives a simple index of the ratio of the heat transfer resistances ... more

True anomaly

In astronomy, Kepler’s laws of planetary motion are three scientific laws describing the motion of planets around the Sun.

1- The orbit of ... more

Hemispherical Reflectance

Reflectance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in reflecting radiant energy. It is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is ... more

Reflectance for unpolarised incident light

The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel conditions) describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices. The reflection of ... more

Compound interest

Compound interest is interest added to the principal of a deposit or loan so that the added interest also earns interest from then on. This addition of ... more

Albedo - pure number

For many applications involving terrestrial albedo, the albedo at a particular solar zenith angle θi can reasonably be approximated by the formula ... more

Signal Attenuation

In physics, attenuation (in some contexts also called extinction) is the gradual loss in intensity of any kind of flux through a medium. For instance, dark ... more

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