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Magnification of the lens

Converging lens in air will focus a collimated beam travelling along the lens axis to a spot (known as the focal point) at a distance “f” from ... more

Lensmaker's equation

A lens is a transmissive optical device which affects the focusing of a light beam through refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of ... more

Curvature of a Bimetallic Beam

A bimetallic strip is used to convert a temperature change into mechanical displacement. The strip consists of two strips of different metals which expand ... more

Auger electron spectroscopy - electron impact cross-section

Auger electron spectroscopy is a common analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces and, more generally, in the area of materials ... more

Gain - Parabolic Antenna (also conical)

In electromagnetics, an antenna’s power gain or simply gain is a key performance figure which combines the antenna’s directivity and electrical ... more

Cross Section

The cross section is an effective area that quantifies the intrinsic likelihood of a scattering event when an incident beam strikes a target object, made ... more

Malus' law in X-ray (relavistic form)

A polarizer or polariser is an optical filter that passes light of a specific polarization and blocks waves of other polarizations.
When a perfect ... more

Mach Number (supersonic, calculated from Pitot Tube Pressure)

In fluid mechanics, Mach number (M or Ma) is a dimensionless quantity representing the ratio of speed of an object moving through a fluid and the local ... more

Bending Stress

In Applied mechanics, bending (also known as flexure) characterizes the behavior of a slender structural element subjected to an external load applied ... more

Self-buckling critical height ( for a free-standing, vertical column)

Column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above ... more

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