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Tortuosity - alternative method

Tortuosity is a property of curve being tortuous (twisted; having many turns). There have been several attempts to quantify this property. ... more

Péclet number (for heat transfer)

The Péclet number (Pe) is a class of dimensionless numbers relevant in the study of transport phenomena in a continuum. It is named after the French ... more

Coefficient of restitution ( two objects)

The coefficient of restitution (COR) of two colliding objects is typically a positive real number between 0.0 and 1.0 ... more

Worksheet 334

In a video game design, a map shows the location of other characters relative to the player, who is situated at the origin, and the direction they are facing. A character currently shows on the map at coordinates (-3, 5). If the player rotates counterclockwise by 20 degrees, then the objects in the map will correspondingly rotate 20 degrees clockwise. Find the new coordinates of the character.

To rotate the position of the character, we can imagine it as a point on a circle, and we will change the angle of the point by 20 degrees. To do so, we first need to find the radius of this circle and the original angle.

Drawing a right triangle inside the circle, we can find the radius using the Pythagorean Theorem:

Pythagorean theorem (right triangle)

To find the angle, we need to decide first if we are going to find the acute angle of the triangle, the reference angle, or if we are going to find the angle measured in standard position. While either approach will work, in this case we will do the latter. By applying the cosine function and using our given information we get

Cosine function
Subtraction

While there are two angles that have this cosine value, the angle of 120.964 degrees is in the second quadrant as desired, so it is the angle we were looking for.

Rotating the point clockwise by 20 degrees, the angle of the point will decrease to 100.964 degrees. We can then evaluate the coordinates of the rotated point

For x axis:

Cosine function

For y axis:

Sine function

The coordinates of the character on the rotated map will be (-1.109, 5.725)

Reference : PreCalculus: An Investigation of Functions,Edition 1.4 © 2014 David Lippman and Melonie Rasmussen
http://www.opentextbookstore.com/precalc/
Creative Commons License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/

Rayleigh number (for geophysical applications - related to bottom heating of the mantle from the core)

In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh number (Ra) for a fluid is a dimensionless number associated with buoyancy-driven flow, also known as free convection or ... more

R-value (insulation)

In building and construction,the R-value is a measure of how well an object, per unit of its exposed area, resists conductive flow of heat: the greater the ... more

Sum of the ratios on the three altitudes of the distance of the orthocenter from the vertex to the length of the altitude

Altitude of a triangle is a line segment through a vertex and perpendicular to a line containing the base (the opposite side of the triangle). This line ... more

Sum of the ratios on the three altitudes of the distance of the orthocenter from the base to the length of the altitude

Altitude of a triangle is a line segment through a vertex and perpendicular to a line containing the base (the opposite side of the triangle). This line ... more

Henry's law constant (dimensionless)

Henry’s law states : “At a constant temperature, the amount of a given gas that dissolves in a given type and volume of liquid is directly ... more

Monatomic ideal gas heat capacity at constant pressure

Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical quantity equal to the ratio of the heat that is added to (or removed from) an object to the resulting ... more

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