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In finance, active return refers to that segment of the returns in an investment portfolio that is due to active management decisions made by the portfolio ... more

In finance, the beta (β) of an investment is a measure of the risk arising from exposure to general market movements as opposed to idiosyncratic factors. ... more

In geometry, ... more

The Sortino ratio measures the risk-adjusted return of an investment asset, portfolio, or strategy. It is a modification of the Sharpe ratio but penalizes ... more

In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem, also known as Pythagoras’ theorem, is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides of ... more

Capital market line (CML) is the tangent line drawn from the point of the risk-free asset to the feasible region for risky ... more

In finance, leverage is a general term for any technique to multiply gains and losses. Most often it involves buying more of an asset by using borrowed ... more

The G-measure is the geometric mean of Recall and Precision. Precision (also called positive predictive value) is the fraction of retrieved instances that ... more

In statistical analysis of binary classification, the F1 score (also F-score or F-measure) is a measure of a test’s accuracy. It considers both the ... more

Pulse tube cryocooler(or refrigerator) can be made without moving parts in the low temperature part of the device, making the cooler suitable for a wide ... more