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assigns a magnitude number to quantify the energy released by an earthquake. The Richter scale is a base-10 logarithmic scale, which defines magnitude as ... more
The logit function is the inverse of the sigmoidal “logistic” function or logistic transform used in mathematics, especially in statistics. ... more
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e., “empty”) spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the ... more
The resolution R (here measured as a distance, not to be confused with the angular resolution of a previous subsection) depends on the angular aperture ... more
The basic principle of the Vickers hardness test, as with all common measures of hardness, is to observe the questioned material’s ability to resist ... more
Bolted joints are one of the most common elements in construction and machine design. They consist of fasteners that capture and join other parts, and are ... more
Tortuosity is a property of curve being tortuous (twisted; having many turns). There have been several attempts to quantify this property. ... more
Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical quantity equal to the ratio of the heat that is added to (or removed from) an object to the resulting ... more
Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical quantity equal to the ratio of the heat that is added to (or removed from) an object to the resulting ... more
The decibel is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio between two values of a physical quantity. The bel represents a ratio between two power ... more
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