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A pendulum is a body suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back and forth under the influence of gravity. A so-called “simple ... more

In optics, a Gaussian beam is a beam of electromagnetic radiation whose transverse electric field and intensity (irradiance) distributions are well ... more

Moment of inertia is the mass property of a rigid body that determines the torque needed for a desired angular acceleration about an axis of rotation. ... more

In celestial mechanics, true anomaly is an angular parameter that defines the position of a body moving along a Keplerian orbit. It is the angle between ... more

The Sortino ratio measures the risk-adjusted return of an investment asset, portfolio, or strategy. It is a modification of the Sharpe ratio but penalizes ... more

In an elastic medium with rigidity, a harmonic pressure wave oscillation is related to the amplitude of displacement, the distance along the axis of ... more

Within a uniform spherical body of radius R and density ρ the gravitational force g inside the sphere varies linearly with distance r from the center, ... more

In geometry, a solid angle is the two-dimensional angle in three-dimensional space that an object subtends at a point. It is a measure of how large the ... more

The gravity of Earth, which is denoted by g, refers to the acceleration that the Earth imparts to objects on or near its surface due to gravity. In SI ... more

A guided ray (also bound ray or trapped ray) is a ray of light in a multi-mode optical fiber ( type of optical fiber mostly used for communication over ... more