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The Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the “usefulness” or process-initiating work obtainable from a thermodynamic system, at a ... more

Euler–Bernoulli beam theory (also known as engineer’s beam theory or classical beam theory) is a simplification of the linear theory of elasticity ... more

Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions. Ionization can ... more

The Knudsen number (Kn) is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of the molecular mean free path length to a representative physical length scale. ... more

Attenuation coefficient or narrow beam attenuation coefficient of the volume of a material characterizes how easily it can be penetrated by a beam of ... more

Capital market line (CML) is the tangent line drawn from the point of the risk-free asset to the feasible region for risky ... more

An activity coefficient is a factor used in thermodynamics to account for deviations from ideal behaviour in a mixture of chemical substances.In an ideal ... more

Centripetal force (from Latin centrum “center” and petere “to seek”) is a force that makes a body follow a curved path: its ... more

Security characteristic line (SCL) is a regression line, plotting performance of a particular security or portfolio against that ... more

A magnetic dipole is a closed circulation of electric current. A simple example of this is a single loop of wire with some constant current through ... more