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Geocentric radius of the Earth

Geodetic latitude is the angle between the normal and the equatorial plane. The distance from the Earth’s center to a point on the spheroid surface ... more

Clairaut's theorem

Clairaut’s theorem is a general mathematical law applying to spheroids of revolution. The formula can be used to relate the gravity at any point on ... more

Solar Rotation

Solar rotation is able to vary with latitude because the Sun is composed of a gaseous plasma. The rate of rotation is observed to be fastest at the equator ... more

Time delay for a signal from Earth to a Satelite in geostationary orbit and back

A geostationary orbit, geostationary Earth orbit or geosynchronous equatorial orbit (GEO), is an orbit whose position in the sky ... more

Declination of the Sun

The position of the Sun in the sky is a function of both time and the geographic coordinates of the observer on the surface of the Earth. As the Earth ... more

Declination of the Sun (simplified)

The position of the Sun in the sky is a function of both time and the geographic coordinates of the observer on the surface of the Earth. As the Earth ... more

Field of a static magnetic dipole

A magnetic dipole is a closed circulation of electric current. A simple example of this is a single loop of wire with some constant current through ... more

Pressure to depth (empirical formula - sea water)

In sea water, there is an approximate numerical equivalence between the change in pressure in decibars and the change in depth from the surface in meters. ... more

True anomaly - circular orbit

In celestial mechanics, true anomaly is an angular parameter that defines the position of a body moving along a Keplerian orbit. It is the angle between ... more

Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection(Y-coordinate)

In cartography, the Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection, or Lambert cylindrical projection, is a cylindrical, equal area map projection. It is a ... more

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